[Avodah] Tu’bishvat is the Rosh Hashanah (new year) for trees. What does this mean?

[Prof. L. Levine]

>From today's OU Kosher Halacha Yomis


Q. Thursday, January 28th, will be Tu’bishvat, (the fifteenth day of the month of Shvat). Tu’bishvat is the Rosh Hashanah (new year) for trees. What does this mean?

A. There is a seven-year cycle of terumos and ma’aseros (various tithes) for produce that grows in the land of Israel. To determine which tithes must be separated, one must know in which year the produce grew. The calendar year for fruit begins on Tu’bishvat. If a fruit reached a certain stage of development called “onas ha’maaser” before Tu’bishvat, this fruit belongs to last year’s crop and should be tithed accordingly. Fruit that reaches the stage of “onas ha’maaser” only after Tu’bishvat, belongs to the new year and must be tithed accordingly. One exception to this rule is the esrog, which is tithed according to the year in which it is picked, regardless of when it reaches “onas ha’maaser” (Shulchan Aruch YD 331:125-126). Tu’bishvat is relevant outside of Israel as well. Tu’bishvat plays a role in the counting of years as relates to the laws of orlah (prohibition of eating fruit from a tree during its first three years). This will be discussed further in tomorrow’s Halacha Yomis.

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