[Avodah] Moadim Chagim Zmanim

[Akiva Miller via Avodah]

In both the Kiddush and Amidah of Yom Tov, we have several phrases:

shabasos limnucha
moadim l'simcha
chagim uzmanim l'sason

I have a pretty clear understanding of what Shabasos are, especially as
opposed to the other three. But what precisely distinguishes the other
three from each other?

My first guess is that Moadim includes both Yom Tov and also Chol Hamoed,
because they share the mitzvah of simcha, as specified. But then what are
Chagim and Zmanim, and how are they distinct from each other, and are they
the same in regards to Sason?

Akiva Miller
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