[Avodah] 10 B'Teves on Shabbos

[Danny Schoemann]

On Sun, Jan 11, 2009 at 11:59 AM, Danny Schoemann <doniels at gmail.com> wrote:
> In response to one of my Halocho-a-day posts kitzur.com/7zq2
> (http://halocho.blogspot.com/2009/01/halocho-244-fasting-on-shabbat-is.html)
> people keep on writing in informing me that if 10 B'Teves were to
> [theoretically] fall on Shabbos, we would fast.
>
> Over the years I've heard this from various people.
>
> Where does this Halocho come from? The SA in OC 550:3 says "if these 4
> fasts fall on Shabbos that are deferred to Sunday."

In the Tevet 5769 volume of Kulmus [Hebrew ed. Comes with the weekly
Mishpacha magazine) on page 25-26 they discuss this. (I have not
checked sources - simply transcribing it.)

Apparently the earliest written source we have for this is the
Abudraham (Seder Tefilas Hataniyos, D"H V'Ato Efaresh):  Even if 10
B'Tevet could fall on Shabbos we wouldn't defer it since it says in
Yechezkel (24:2) B'Etzem Hayom Hazeh.

He says the source is Teshuvas Hageonim - though we have no trace of
such a Teshuva.
[Note 14: Though it seems to be a known early Halacha since the
Karaites fast on Shabbos-10-B'Tevet (as their calendar is not fixed)]

The Bet Yosef  (OC 550. D"H UM"Sh) is very surprised at this Abudraham
and says "I don't know where he got this from".

The Kneset Hagedola (551) explains this surprise; how could the
Abudraham rely on something that has no explicit source in Chazal,
since we can't invent Drashot by ourselves.

This also contradicts a Rashi in Megila (5a): 9 B'Av, 17 Tamuz and 10
B'Tevet are deferred to Sunday.

The Rambam (Ta'anis 5:5) paskens like Rashi, as well as the SA.

The popular Zemer of the Ibn Ezra "Ki Eshmro Shabbos" also clearly
states that we don't fast on Shabbos except for Yom Kipour Avoni.

The Shut Shoel Maishiv (Ed. 1, Vol. 3, OC 179) and the Or Sameach
(Rambam, Taniyos 5:6) try to reconcile the Abudraham with "everybody
else", the latter by trying to explain that since 10 B'Tevet falls on
Friday - and we have to fast until nightfall - so we essentially are
fasting 10 B'Tevet during part of Shabbos.


- Danny