<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1255">
<style type="text/css" style="display:none;"> P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} </style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">I would like to address a kleinigkeit that is only of interest to those really interested in Masorah.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>It concerns one word used in L’shon Chazal whose original form has been obliterated, because it did not meet the rules of Hebrew as certain Rishonim understood them.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">Almost everyone now knows the word as “tishbah.ot,” since that is the way it is printed in most siddurim.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Yet if you go back to early printed siddurim and qal vachomer to manuscripts, the word is
<i>always</i> “tushbah.ot.” And it is written in all the early siddurim and other works as
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"David",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Goudy Old Style";mso-hansi-font-family:"Goudy Old Style"" lang="HE">úåùáçåú</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
"Goudy Old Style",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:David"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">The Qimchis (the father R. Yosef, as well as the son the R’Da’Q. 12<sup>th</sup>-13<sup>th</sup> Centuries) all objected to the form, saying that in Hebrew there
are no noun forms that begin with “tu-,” they all begin with “ti-,” like tif’eret, and so this word should be emended to read “tishbah.ot.” But that did not immediately change things.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>In addition to all the mss. and the incunabula, this form persisted in printed siddurim for a long time, until several factors conspired in its demise in the 15<sup>th</sup>-16<sup>th</sup> Centuries.
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>One was the Ar’I <span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Although virtually everything that R. Hayyim Vital quotes in the name of the Ar’I has to do with Qabbolo, there are one or two matters that have to do with grammar (although with the Ar’I one can never know whether they were connected with Qabbolo).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>One is that R. Hayyim Vital quotes him as saying the form should be tishbah.ot, even though the Sefaradi siddur from which they davened</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"David",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:"Goudy Old Style";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Goudy Old Style""><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">in
Tz’fat, which R. Vital identifies as the Siddur nusach S’farad published in 1524 by Bomberg in Venice.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>This siddur can be found in various libraries, and the end of Barukh she’Amar reads
</span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"David",sans-serif;color:black;mso-themecolor:
text1" lang="HE">îÆìÆêÀ îäåÌìÌÇì áÇúÌåÌùÑÀáÌÈçåÉú</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>R. Vital notes that </span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"David",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Goudy Old Style";mso-hansi-font-family:"Goudy Old Style"" lang="HE">äúé'å áçéøé÷ åìà áùåø÷ ëî'ù
äîã÷ã÷éí</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:
David"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>That was about in 1571-2.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">Shortly thereafter, in 1617-8, R. Shabb’tai Sofer, a talmid of the L’vush, published a siddur. He was known as a talmid chochom and as someone who knew grammar, as
well as being famed for his piety.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>He was asked by the Council of the Four Lands, the central body of Jewish authority in Eastern Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>The siddur was published with haskamot of most of the g’dolim of his timem and became the basis for most Ashkenaz siddurim printed thereafter.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>It was based on earlier Ashkenaz siddurim, but in some cases he preferred the nusach of S’farad or a nusach mentioned by the MaharSha’L.
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Under the grammatical influence of the R’Daq, he put in the nusach tishbachot.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">Bwetween the influence of the followers of the Ar’I and the Sofer siddur, all printed siddurim afterwards in Ashkenaz used tishbachot and the older form is mostly
unknown nowadays.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">But regardless of grammar, tushbachot was the original nusach.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>And its source is clear: the Aramaic noun tushbah.ta, plural tushb’h.ata, common in most Aramaic dialects from the time of Chazal, and well known to all Jews from its use in Qaddish.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Making a Hebrew noun out of an Aramaic one, especially one whose root is used in Hebrew, is a common occurrence in L’shon Chazal.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">To the best of my knowledge, only the Yemenites preserve the form tushbah.ot in their siddurim today.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David"></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;margin-right:.6in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Goudy Old Style",serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:David">The relevance to Pesach is that in the Haggadah itself we say Nishmat kol h.ay, which towards the end says
</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:"David",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:"Goudy Old Style";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Goudy Old Style"" lang="HE"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>.ãáøé
ùéøåú åúåùáçåú ãåã áï éùé</span></p>
</span><br>
<p></p>
<br>
</div>
<div>
<div id="Signature">
<div id="divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
<div name="divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:; margin:0">
<div class="BodyFragment"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">
<div class="PlainText"><font size="3" face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">Rabbi Dr. Seth Mandel</span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt">Rabbinic Coordinator</span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt">The Orthodox Union</span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"></span></font><font size="3" face="Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt">Voice and Fax (212) 613-8330 e-mail mandels@ou.org</span></font></div>
</span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<div style="background-color:#eaf1f7; border:1px dotted #003594; padding:.8em; ">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family: 'Arial', 'Helvetica',sans-serif; color:#003594;">Legal Disclaimer</span><br>
<p style="font-size:8pt; line-height:10pt; font-family: 'Arial', 'Helvetica',sans-serif;">
The contents of this email and any attachments are intended solely for the addressee(s) and may contain confidential and/or legally privileged information. You must not use or disclose them other than for the purposes for which they were supplied. If you are
not the intended recipient of this message, or if this message has been addressed to you in error, please immediately alert the sender by reply email and then delete or destroy all copies of this message and any attachments. If you are not the intended recipient,
you are hereby notified that any use, dissemination, copying, or storage of this message or its attachments is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. Any privilege or confidentiality pertaining to this email and attachments is not waived by reason of mistaken
delivery to you.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>