<html><head></head><body><div class="ydp6eae0193yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:verdana, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"><div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Asked this of ChatGPT as well. Got the following in seconds (again - can't vouch for its accuracy):</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><h3 data-start="82" data-end="96">Background</h3>
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<p data-start="99" data-end="228">In <strong data-start="102" data-end="139">biblical and early rabbinic times</strong>, <strong data-start="141" data-end="163">kiddushin (erusin)</strong> and <strong data-start="168" data-end="178">nisuin</strong> were <em data-start="184" data-end="205">two separate stages</em>, often months apart.</p>
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<p data-start="233" data-end="351"><em data-start="233" data-end="244">Kiddushin</em> created a formal bond of betrothal, prohibiting the woman to others but not yet permitting marital life.</p>
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<p data-start="356" data-end="489"><em data-start="356" data-end="364">Nisuin</em> (through <em data-start="374" data-end="383">chuppah</em> or bringing the bride into the husband’s home) completed the marriage, permitting full marital relations.</p>
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<h3 data-start="496" data-end="527">When They Were Consolidated</h3>
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<p data-start="530" data-end="629">Already in <strong data-start="541" data-end="559">Talmudic times</strong> it was clear that the stages were distinct (see <em data-start="608" data-end="619">Kiddushin</em> 2a–3a).</p>
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<p data-start="632" data-end="735">However, by the <strong data-start="648" data-end="697">Geonic period (roughly 7th–11th centuries CE)</strong>, the practice began to consolidate.</p>
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<p data-start="738" data-end="908">The <strong data-start="742" data-end="752">Rambam</strong> (Hil. Ishut 10:1–2) describes erusin and nisuin as conceptually separate, but notes that <em data-start="842" data-end="850">minhag</em> had shifted to perform them together under the chuppah.</p>
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<p data-start="911" data-end="1072">The <strong data-start="915" data-end="922">Tur</strong> (Even HaEzer 55) and <strong data-start="944" data-end="962">Shulchan Aruch</strong> (EH 55:1) codify the minhag: “In our times, we do not perform kiddushin unless nisuin follows immediately.”</p>
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<p data-start="1075" data-end="1278">The reason: leaving a gap between betrothal and marriage created risks of immorality, uncertainty, and agunah-type complications. Therefore, communities instituted that both stages be performed together.</p>
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<h3 data-start="1285" data-end="1299">References</h3>
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<p data-start="1303" data-end="1379"><strong data-start="1303" data-end="1336">Talmud Bavli, Kiddushin 2a–3a</strong> – distinction between erusin and nisuin.</p>
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<p data-start="1383" data-end="1480"><strong data-start="1383" data-end="1415">Rambam, Hilkhot Ishut 10:1–2</strong> – records both stages but notes current practice of combining.</p>
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<p data-start="1484" data-end="1582"><strong data-start="1484" data-end="1507">Tur, Even HaEzer 55</strong> – states that in his time kiddushin and nisuin were no longer separated.</p>
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<p data-start="1586" data-end="1653"><strong data-start="1586" data-end="1613">Shulchan Aruch, EH 55:1</strong> – codifies the consolidated practice.</p>
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<p data-start="1657" data-end="1767"><strong data-start="1657" data-end="1697">Encyclopaedia Judaica, s.v. Marriage</strong> – historical overview, noting the Geonic period as the turning point.</p>
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<div>✅ <strong data-start="1776" data-end="1789">In short:</strong> Kiddushin and nisuin were originally distinct and often separated by time; by the <strong data-start="1872" data-end="1886">Geonic era</strong>, Jewish communities increasingly consolidated them, and by the time of the <strong data-start="1962" data-end="1991">Rambam and Shulchan Aruch</strong>, it was the universal custom that both happen together under the chuppah.</div></div><div><br></div><div class="ydp6eae0193signature">Want Emes and Emunah in your life?
Try this: http://haemtza.blogspot.com/</div></div>
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On Sunday, August 17, 2025 at 11:15:51 PM CDT, Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer via Avodah <avodah@lists.aishdas.org> wrote:
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<p>I was asked twice this past week and didn't know the answer.</p>
<p>Does anyone have knowledge and, preferably a reference, as to
when kiddushin and nisuin were consolidated?</p>
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