<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:large"><span id="gmail-docs-internal-guid-e733cf2b-7fff-8672-d90e-b7bb8d8c772e"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Rbt ChL and R ZS, if I have properly understood them, seem to be interpreting the Issur of Midvar Sheker Tirchak [Shavuos 31a ShA ChM 28] in a narrow sense, that it is limited to providing the appearances of an actual substantial procedural step that provides energy to neutralise the litigants claim. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><br></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Therefore, they understand, that if one says the absolute unvarnished truth without reflecting on the actual case being litigated then as R ZS writes *it is not a devar sheker at all, because he is not even indirectly implying that he confirms the employer's specific factual claims.*</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">R ZS takes a step further, writing *One may even declare they believe the boss because that does not imply actual knowledge, so it's not a devar sheker.* </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Rbt ChL wrote *by coming and testifying as to the character of the boss they are [not?] giving the co-worker any form of false impression* did the word NOT somehow get omitted or have I not understood the meaning?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I assume *testifying* means in BD, but I do not believe BD would ever seek nor admit such testimony.
On the other hand if it is not in BD, then WHY are they offering an opinion at all?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap"><br></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap">I wonder however, if the </span>Issur<span style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap"> of </span>MidShTirChak<span style="color:rgb(11,83,148);font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap"> is broader than that; that it not only reflects upon strengthening the position on one litigant, but is a directive to avoid doing anything that distorts or interferes with the case, including demoralising and weakening the resolve of the litigant. Which is clearly happening in the pretense of the Gemara Shavuos.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I think we see support for the broader interpretation from the Halacha regarding the need that both litigants appear as equals before the BD because the spirit of a litigant can be weakened if they appear in shabby clothes whilst the other appears in expensive clothing.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">In this vein I believe that the arguments raised by Rbt ChL and R Z S, that it is permitted to support and offer positive character references, are not significant - what is significant is the context and the impression they are designed to create or that can reasonably be expected they may create. Accordingly, if the tone of the expressed support conveys a message that one litigant is right, in my example the boss who wishes to dismiss a worker who he claims is derelict, is rightly to be be believed as a more credible individual than the worker, it seems very likely that this will demoralise the worker and put him at a disadvantage, and is prohibited.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The famous story of the money the ReShash placed in his Gemara and forgot about and then claimed that it had not been repaid because he had not made a note in his accounts - springs to mind. When the ReShash did some time later discover the money in his Gemara and realised his mistake, the fellow said to the ReShash, no one will believe you, they will simply say that you have had pity on me but I am indeed a crook.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.32"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(11,83,148);font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">There is perhaps another consideration - the Gemaras example, which occurs in BD, avoids the issues that the Chafets Chaim would prohibit.
However, making a claim to the general public, within the context of an ongoing dispute, about believing one party over another, or even just providing personal comment about one litigants integrity would be prohibited by so many of the prohibitions outlined by the CHCh in his introduction. </span></p></span><br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline"></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><br>Best,<br><br>Meir G. Rabi</div><div><br></div><div>0423 207 837</div><div><font size="1">+61 423 207 837</font></div></div></div></div></div>