<div dir="ltr">Rav Herschel Schachter gave a shiur last night in Raanana on electrical appliances on shabbat<div>Enclosed is a short summary</div><div><br></div><div>1) Maharsham felt that all electricity on shabbat was derabban since it didn't exist in the mishkan. However, we normally pasken like R Chaom Ozer that if there is a metal filament that is heated then its use on shabbat is deoraisa. Interestingly we have no statement from RCOG to that effect. He brought that when RYBS visited Vilna several times R Chaim Ozer always made a point of making havdala on an electric bulb.</div><div>Of course this works only if the bulb is not frosted. This was also the minhag in the Breuer shul in washington heights. Towards the end of his life R Breuer was blind. At some time they stopped using the bulb for havdala because it was frosted. They had a hard time explaining the blind R Breuer what a frosted bulb was.<br></div><div><br></div><div>RHS felt that electricity in general is prohibited on shabbat only derabbanan based on a rabbinic metaken maneh. Hence, he did not see a major problem is using a toilet that has an automatic flush or even an automatic door. Flushing a toilet or opening a door is allowed. The electricity is not doing anything that could not be done manually. </div><div>Similarly there is no problem walking normally even if it turns on some motion sensor.</div><div>He stated that in New York there are video cameras everywhere and it is almost impossible to walk in public without it being recorded which would be ketiva derabbanan. As long as one doesnt intend to be recorded it is OK even though it is certain that it will occur.</div><div>Of course it is better to avoid it if possible, R Nachum Rabinowitz explicitly allows this.</div><div><br></div><div>Hence, one can ask a goy to turn on an electrical appliance (without an incadescent bulb) for a mitzva since it is shvut de-shvut bekom mitzva. However, he stressed that this can be done only occasionally not as a regular procedure.</div><div><br></div><div>2) When shabbat clocks first were invented some poskim prohibited them. They reasoned that Bet Hillel only allowed something that started before shabbat and continued not something that would start on shabbat. The coomon psak is to allow even beginning on shabbat.</div><div>RMF only allowed a shabbat clock for lights but not other devices because of oneg shabbat. RHS wasn't quite sure what the difference was between lights and say an air conditioner. In any case the common minhag is to use a shabbat clock for all electrical devices.<br></div><div><br></div><div>For a dishwasher the problem is that it will run only when closed. So closing the door "starts" the process even though the shabbat clock will turn it on later.</div><div>Overriding the switch is against American law and so prohibited by dina demalchuta.</div><div>R Henkin paskened that dina demalchuta applies to all laws made for safety or good of the public.This would include monetary rules like rent control and bankruptcy.</div><div><br></div><div>3) Chazon Ish allowed the use of umbrellas on shabbat since he felt that there was no problem of making an ohel since the umbrella is made to be opened. RMF disagreed, He didn't write a teshuva on the topic because he felt that it was obvious that CI was wrong!</div><div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><font color="#000099" face="'comic sans ms', sans-serif">Eli Turkel</font></div></div>
</div></div>