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There has been discussion about why the Jews when they returned to Israel
did not adopt the practices of EY regarding the leining of the Torah and
other issues. This got me to wondering about when the Jews did
return to Israel. The following is from
<a href="http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/return_to_the_land_of_israel/" eudora="autourl">
http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/return_to_the_land_of_israel/</a>
<br><br>
<h2><b>EARLY MIGRATIONS</b></h2><font size=3>During the time of the
Muslims, life for the Jews here was for the most part easier than under
the Christians.<br><br>
In 1210, following the demise of the Crusaders, several hundred rabbis,
known as the Ba’alei Tosefot, re-settled in Israel. This marked the
emergence of the first Ashkenazic European community in Israel.<br><br>
In 1263, the great Rabbi and scholar Nachmanides also known as the
Ramban, established a small Sephardic community on Mount Zion which was
outside the walls. (See Part 47.) Later, in the 1400s, that community
moved inside the walls and they established the Ramban Synagogue which
still exists today.<br><br>
When Nachmanides came to Jerusalem there was already a vibrant Jewish
community in Hebron, though the Muslims did not permit them entry into
the Cave of the Machpela (where the Jewish Patriarchs and Matriarchs are
buried). Indeed, this ban continued until the 20th century.<br><br>
More Jews started to migrate to Israel following their expulsion from
Spain in 1492. In the 16th century, large numbers of Jews migrated to the
northern city of Tzfat (also known as Safed) and it became the largest
Jewish population in Israel and the center of Jewish mysticismthe
Kabbalah.<br><br>
In mid-1700s a student of the Ba’al Shem Tov by the name of Gershon
Kitover started the first Hassidic community in Israel. This community
was part of what was called Old Yishuv. (Today, when in the Old City of
Jerusalem, you can visit the “Old Yishuv Court Museum” and learn some
fascinating facts about it.)<br><br>
Another very significant event in the growth of the Jewish community of
Israel took place in the early 19th century. Between 1808 and 1812 three
groups of disciples of the great rabbi Rabbi Eliyahu Kramer, the Vilna
Gaon , numbering about 500 people, came to the land of Israel. Initially
they settled in Tzfat in the <br>
Galilee, but after several disaster including a devastating earthquake,
they settled in Jerusalem. Their impact was tremendous. They founded
several new neighborhoods (including Mea Shearim) and set up numerous
Kollels (Yeshivot where married men are paid a monthly stipend to study
Torah). Their arrival revived the presence of Ashkenazi Jewry in
Jerusalem, which for over 100 years had been mainly Sephardi and had a
huge impact on the customs and religious practices of the religious
community in Israel.<br><br>
By 1880, there were about 40,000 Jews, living in the land of Israel among
some 400,000 Muslims<br><br>
See the above URL for more. <br><br>
YL<br>
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