<div dir="ltr"><div>[R' Micha: Please feel free to bounce this post to the appropriate list (Areivim? Mesorah?) where it belongs. -- D.C.]</div><div><br></div>R' Yitzchok Levine referred us to an article in which R' Jack Abramowitz raised some difficulties pertaining to Sefaradic pronunciation and asked why the editors of the website for which he writes often insist on its use.<div>
<br></div><div>First off, I think that it is entirely reasonable for a website or magazine to decide on a consistent standard of transliteration. One can certainly discuss the relative merits of choosing this system or that system as the standard, but having *some* standard makes more sense than leaving it up to each individual author. I don't see any implied aspersions being cast on those individuals who use the pronunciation that was not adopted as the standard for transliteration in a particular publication.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Regarding the comparison to kaf, pay, and bet/bais, I assume that the author does not distinguish between gimel and ghimel, or between dalet and dhalet. The ability of the six BGDKFT letters to accept a dagesh kal does, in fact, indicate that all six of them had different pronunciations with and without the dagesh in the Masoretic pronunciation system, but just as Ashkenazic pronunciation dropped the distinction for two of these letters (and even in the case of the soft tav, pronounces it as "s" rather than the Masoretic "th"), standard Sefaradic pronunciation dropped the distinction for three of them. The difference is quantitative, not qualitative.</div>
<div><br></div><div>It is certainly true that the Tiberian nikkud system that is universally used today, with its separate symbols for kamatz vs. patach and for tzere vs. segol, most closely reflects Ashkenazi pronunciation. However, the now-extinct EretzYisraeli nikkud system does not have these separate symbols, and closely reflects Sefaradi pronunciation. The fact that Jews who used Sefaradi-like pronunciation later ended up also using the Tiberian nikkud cannot be brought as a proof the the superiority of Ashkenazi pronunciation.</div>
<div><br></div><div>All that being said, the underlying issue is the hashkafic questions behind the fact that in Israel, almost all dati-leumi Ashkenazim below the age of 70 (with the exception of some olim) use Sefaradi (really modern Israeli) prounciation in tefilah. As I understand it (largely from a lecture that I heard on the topic from Prof. Yohanan Breuer a few years ago), when this practice began to spread in the 5690s, the idea behind it was that the young people would connect to tefilah and keriat haTorah more if they felt that it was being done in the same language that they were speaking on the street.</div>
<div><br></div><div>To some, the idea that we (meaning Ashkenazim, with apologies to those readers who are not) would change anything about the way that we daven because of the language being spoken on the street is sacrilegious, and is the perfect illustration of everything that was dangerous about Zionism and the revival of spoken Hebrew. To others, the ability to read the siddur the same way that one reads the newspaper is the perfect illustration of how mitzvot can be fulfilled with more meaning in modern Israel, in their "natural habitat" where they are integrated into everyday life, and changing our liturgical pronunciation is a small price to pay in order to achieve that integrated life.</div>
<div><br></div><div>The other hashkafic question -- which is entirely separate in my mind -- is to what extent, in this era of kibbutz galuyot, we should be striving for a unified set of "Israeli" practices, vs. sticking to our ancestral minhagim. On the one hand, as more and more generations pass since families left "the old country," and there is more and more "intermarriage" between edot, it is only natural that with time, the question of whether one's great-great-great grandfather came from Aleppo or from Vilna will seem less and less relevant. On the other hand, conservatism dictates that this natural process should not necessarily be consciously accelerated, and given that in our generation, the different edot still very much exist, we ought to each be "rooting for" (by practicing) our own ancestral customs.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Personally, I am a "card-carrying" religious Zionist who believes that not just physical presence in Eretz Yisrael, but also living in a modern Jewish state, allows us perform mitzvos in a way that is qualtatively different from in the diaspora. Yet at the same time, I feel very connected to the past and believe that if we don't use the mesorah that we have received (which includes our inherited Ashkenazi traditions) as our starting point, and instead attempt to tear everything up and start from scratch, then we have nothing. So the fact that I am conflicted about the pronunciation question reflects this tension. As things stand, I see value in remaining "fluent" in both, and use them each in different contexts.</div>
<div><br></div><div>-- D.C.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>