<div dir="ltr"><<<span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px">I always wonder about such assumptions and their cliff like nature. Is this another instance where we are trying to guess what chazal might have said about something they might not have thought about. Is it a plumb line or earth center radius definition? Was bokea ad harakia meant literally or figuratively meaning anywhere humans could reach then? Imagine a vertical cliff next to a graveyard as an example.>></span><div>
<font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">Whether it is literal or not is the discussion I am having with Zev. I claim that statements of chazal do not pertain to the very large or very small as they did not think in those terms. We all agree that microscopic items are not considered by halacha. Therefore I (with many others) claim that individual molecules of chametz are not subsumed under Mashehu.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">I further claim </font><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif">(as does Rabbi Lebowitz) that ad le-akaia does not mean infinity. Rabbi Lebowitz states it means until the clouds (perhaps that is his translation of rakia) while I would say it means as far as a normal person can see. One can see a plane landing even at several thousand feet one cannot see a plane in mid-flight at 30,000 feet. In this case a cliff over a graveyard (assuming an overhang) would be tameh for any normal size cliff.</span></div>
<div><font face="arial, sans-serif">Rabbi Lebowitz also brought the opinion of RHS that it had to be nearby which would exclude cliffs and certainly airplanes.</font></div><div style><font face="arial, sans-serif">Also in the past I have argued with Zev whether the moon is a living body, based on the Rambam.</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">On a separate issue I recently saw an article that claims that we have to understand everything in terms of how chazal understood science and not translate gemara in terms of modern science. The article was talking about the examining a possible dead person until the chest. The claim is that chazal did not associate the heart with the circulatory system (only discovered a few hundred years ago). Rashi clearly connects the lungs with the heart which is an impossibility to have any direct connection between the air system and the blood system..</font></div>
<div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">Similarly most of Chazal seem to assume a flat earth with the moon and sun circling above and below this flat surface, going through windows in the "rakia", . Hence ad harakia would be up until this surface which has no meaning in modern science.<br clear="all">
</font><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><font color="#000099" face="'comic sans ms', sans-serif">Eli Turkel</font></div>
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