<html><div><What is a kinyan sudar? It's consideration for a contract. A contract<br>without consideration is not binding, so if a contract benefits only one<br>party, the other party must give something in return. In civil law this<br>is usually "one dollar and other valuable consideration", or some similar<br>formula; in halacha it's a physical object, classically a handkerchief,<br>and nowadays often a pen or a gartel. There's no reason it can't be a<br>ring.></div><div> </div><div> Consideration in the above sense is not a halachic concept (or should I say "not a halachic consideration"?) A shtar mattana has none; hagbaha, meshicha, chazaka and kinyan chatzeir have none; even kinyan sudar, strictly speaking, has none, since the utensil in question need not be shave p'ruta, and according to one opinion, should be the seller's, not the buyer's. Kinyan is an indication of g'mirus da'as, of an acceptance by the parties of the finality of the transaction, and it is that acceptance of finality which effects transfer of ownership.</div><div> </div><div> Kinyan sudar need not have an object going from buyer to seller. A third party can "give" an object to the seller to effect the sale, and it is valid; see Choshen Mishpat 195:3. ("give" is in quotes, because it is a mattana al m'nas l'hachazir.) Thus, when the eidim are m'kabeil kinyan from the choson, nothing of the kalla's is being given. On her behalf, the rav gives his own object to the choson to "seal the deal," but the object is never hers.</div><div> </div><div>EMT</div></html>
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