<html>
<body>
The following is from <b>Shorshei Minhag Ashkenaz, Minhag Ashkenaz:
Sources and Roots</b> by Rabbi Binyamin Shlomo Hamburger, Synopsis of
Volumes I-IV.<br><br>
<font size=3 color="#202020">The German
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">custom
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">to bring a young boy to the
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">synagogue
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">with a <i>wirnpel<br>
</i>(wrapping for
</font><font size=3 color="#767676">t</font><font size=3 color="#454545">
h</font><font size=3 color="#202020">e <i>Torah </i>scroll) has no
connection whatsoever to
</font><font size=3 color="#767676">th</font><font size=3 color="#454545">
e<br>
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">pra</font>
<font size=3 color="#454545">c</font><font size=3 color="#767676">
ti</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">ce
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">of the
</font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>chalaka
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">(the Arabic term for
</font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>Upsherin)
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">observed by<br>
</font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>Sepharadirn </i>and
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">later
</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">ad</font><font size=3 color="#202020">
opted by many <i>Chasidirn.
</i></font><font size=3 color="#454545">Th</font>
<font size=3 color="#202020">e custo</font><font size=3 color="#454545">m
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">of holding a<br>
special celebration </font><font size=3 color="#313131">marking
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">the boy's first haircut
de</font><font size=3 color="#454545">velo</font>
<font size=3 color="#202020">p</font><font size=3 color="#454545">ed
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">among
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">these<br>
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">gr</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">
oup</font><font size=3 color="#202020">s.
</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">The
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">c</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">
e</font><font size=3 color="#767676">l</font><font size=3 color="#454545">
e</font><font size=3 color="#202020">brat</font>
<font size=3 color="#454545">i</font><font size=3 color="#202020">on
takes place at </font><font size=3 color="#313131">a
speci</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">fic
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">age,
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">usua</font>
<font size=3 color="#767676">ll</font><font size=3 color="#313131">y
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">three.
</font><font size=3 color="#767676">Th</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">
e<br>
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">fest</font>
<font size=3 color="#767676">ivi</font><font size=3 color="#313131">ty
</font><font size=3 color="#454545">is
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">customa</font>
<font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">rily
</font><font size=3 color="#767676">h</font><font size=3 color="#454545">
el</font><font size=3 color="#767676">d
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">near the gravesite of a
</font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>tzadik
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">or
</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">in
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">a<br>
synagogue.
</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">T</font><font size=3 color="#767676">
hi</font><font size=3 color="#202020">s
</font><font size=3 color="#454545">c</font><font size=3 color="#767676">
u</font><font size=3 color="#5B5B5B">s</font><font size=3 color="#767676">
to</font><font size=3 color="#454545">m
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">was unknown in
anc</font><font size=3 color="#767676">ie</font>
<font size=3 color="#202020">nt <i>Sephardic </i>and<br>
<i>Ashkenazic </i>communities.<br><br>
The earliest reports of
</font><font size=3 color="#767676">t</font><font size=3 color="#202020">
he </font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>chalaka </i>[upsherin]<b><i>
</i></b></font><font size=3 color="#202020">celebration are found in
accounts<br>
written by <i>Sepharadim </i>early in the period of the <i>Acharonim.
</i>Some three<br>
centuries later, we find the first indications that the custom had made
its<br>
way into <i>Chasidic </i>circles. The most important source concerning
the<br>
</font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>chalaka
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">is the account of the celebration
in which the </font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>Ari-zal
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">is involved.<br>
The details of this story are somewhat vague,
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">and
</font><font size=3 color="#202020">it is unclear whether the<br>
<i>Ari-zal </i>made a </font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>chalaka
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">for his son, or whether the
account refers to his<br>
disciple, Rabbi Yonatan Sagish. There is also some question as to
whether<br>
the </font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>Ari-zal
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">participated in <i>Lag Ba
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">'omer
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">events in Meron after his<br>
kabalistic insights because the custom to conduct a
</font><font size=3 color="#313131"><i>chalaka
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">on <i>Lag<br>
Ba </font><font size=3 color="#313131">'omer
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">runs in opposition to the
<i>Ari-zal</font><font size=3 color="#454545">'</font>
<font size=3 color="#202020">s </i>final ruling that forbade hair<br>
cutting during the <i>orner </i>period.<br><br>
Furthermore, the custom of the <i>chalaka </i>has given rise to some
questions as<br>
to the propriety of hair cutting at a gravesite or synagogue, which
might<br>
constitute an infringement upon the sanctity of the site. Some have
also<br>
questioned the permissibility of haircutting on <i>Lag Ba
</font><font size=3 color="#313131">'omer,
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">during <i>bein<br>
ha-rnetzarirn </i>(the three weeks before Tisha B' A v) or during
<i>Chol<br>
Ha 'rno </font><font size=3 color="#313131">'ed.
</i></font><font size=3 color="#202020">Yet another concern was the
immodest behavior that<br>
</font><font size=3>occasionally accompanied this event. :Most
<i>Sephardic </i>and <i>Chasidic </i>rabbis<br>
applauded, or at least defended the practices observed in their
circles,<br>
though there were those who forbade The custom in this manner.<br><br>
Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik of Brisk (1889-1960) disapproved of<br>
bringing children to rabbis on their third birthday for the <i>chalaka,
</i>claiming<br>
that this practice "has no reason or basis." He noted that
there are sources<br>
indicating that one should introduce the child to matters of Torah at the
age<br>
of three, but none that involve haircutting. Rabbi Yaakov Yisrael<br>
Kanievsky [the "Steipler <i>Ga'on," </i>(1899-1985)] also
opposed this practice,<br>
and would send away parents who brought their children to him for
the<br>
<i>chalaka </i>haircut.<br><br>
The tendency among <i>Ashkenazi </i>communities to refrain from this
practice<br>
stems, according to one view, from the concern that the <i>chalaka<br>
</i>transgresses the prohibition of imitating pagan practices. Cutting a
child's<br>
hair at the age of three was a well-known custom among several nations
in<br>
ancient times, and thus observing this practice may constitute an
imitation<br>
of pagan ritual. Some, however, dismissed this argument, claiming that
to<br>
the contrary, the <i>chalaka </i>perhaps began as an ancient Jewish
practice<br>
which was later adopted by the gentiles. There are some older
customs,<br>
originating in the times of <i>Chazal </i>and the <i>Ge'onim, </i>such as
fasting on <i>Erev<br>
Rosh Hashana </i>and the ceremony of <i>Kapaprot </i>on <i>Erev Yom
Kippur </i>which<br>
were opposed by some rabbis since they feared that their origins could
be<br>
found in pagan rites. In any event, although some communities
accepted<br>
this custom, <i>Ashkenazi </i>communities \yere never aware of such a
practice.<br>
They did not receive this tradition from their forebears, and they found
no<br>
mention of it in the writings of the <i>Rishonim.<br><br>
</i>The ancient tradition among <i>Ashkenazi </i>communities was to cut a
boy's<br>
hair at a very young age. In fact, during the times of <i>Chazal,
</i>parents would<br>
cut an infant's hair not long after birth, and they even permitted
cutting a<br>
baby's overgrown hair on <i>Chol Ha 'mo' ed. </i>In the times of the
<i>Rishonim,<br>
</i>too, boys' hair in <i>Ashkenaz </i>was cut already within the first
several months<br>
after birth. The phenomenon of children with overgrown hair simply
did<br>
not exist in Germany, and a boy with overgrown hair would have been<br>
mistaken for a girl.<br><br>
The custom of <i>chalaka </i>was never accepted in <i>Ashkenazic
</i>countries or<br>
other regions in Western Europe, not even among the <i>Sephardic<br>
</i>communities in these areas. The practice earned acceptance in
Eastern<br>
Europe among certain <i>Chasidic </i>circles, but only in later
generations.<br>
Among other circles, boys' hair was cut when they began speaking, and
no<br>
special affair was held to celebrate the event.</font></body>
<br>
</html>