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HaKafos on Simchas Torah were not introduced until the latter part of the
16th century by the ARI is Sefas. From there they first spread to
various parts of EY and then to Chutz L'Aretz. However, there was
opposition to this "new innovation" in many places. One place
was in Frankfurt am Main. From what I have posted at
<a href="http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/rsrh/no_hakafas.pdf" eudora="autourl">
http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/rsrh/no_hakafas.pdf</a>
HaKafos were introduced in Frankfurt, then abolished, then introduced
again, then abolished, etc. The opposition was so strong that one
writer categorized them in very strong language. See
<a href="http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/rsrh/no_hakafas.pdf" eudora="autourl">
http://www.stevens.edu/golem/llevine/rsrh/no_hakafas.pdf</a><br><br>
For the record, in most of Germany there were no HaKafos at night on
Simchas Torah.HaKafos were made only during the day. RSRH introduced
HaKafos at night on Simchas Torah in Frankfurt, but there certainly was
opposition. Rav S. Schwab introduced HaKafos at night at Shearith Israel
in Baltimore shortly after he became the shul's rov. <br><br>
There certainly were no HaKafos in Germany or in Ashkenaz shuls on
Shemini Atzeres. Indeed, it is clear from R. Avraham Yari's
fascinating sefer, Toldos Chag Simchas Torah, that making HaKafos on SA
is a mistake. The ARI introduced HaKafos in Sefas on the night
<b><u>after</u></b> SA, not on SA at night. See Yari's book for a
detailed discussion of how an error crept into the writings of those who
quoted what R. Chaim Vital wrote about what the ARI did and when he did
it. <br><br>
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