<div>Much has been written about this topic. There is even a sefer that came out two years ago called Ksav Ivri Ksav Ashuri by Rav Zvi Einfeld published by Feldhheim. </div>
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<div>There seem to be two approaches to this issue (based on interpetations of Sanhedrin 21-22). </div>
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<div>1) "Ksav HaNishtavan" (Ezra 4) which can be interpeted to mean the "changed writing" was revealed by the writing hand on the wall in the time of Belshazzar. It was a heavenly signal that henceforth our script will be Ashuri.</div>
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<div>2) Avraham Avinu came from Mesopotamia bringing with him Ksav Ashuri. Ksav Ivri was the local way the Canaanim wrote. Avraham's children adopted the Ivri for everyday and retained Ashuri for holy writings and the written Torah.</div>
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<div>This may also be the basis of the differences in opinion between Bavli and Yerushalmi on what letters had miraclous floating centersin the Luchos.</div>
<div>Bavli says the Samech which in Ashuri has a middle part completely surrounded by the letter. Yerushalmi says Ayin which, in Ivri, looks like the English "O", completely surrounded by the letter.</div>
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<div>The use of Ivri in writing the Holy Name by the authors of the dead sea scrolls may have been a mechanism of writing it but avoiding pronouncing it since, by the time they were written, Ivri was pretty much an unused form of writing. It is doubtful that the even the Tzadokim pronounced the Holy Name outside the Beis HaMikdosh because even the Samaritans (Cuthim) are still careful not to pronounce it.</div>
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<div>As an aside, a number of years ago the Israeli govenment was about to issue a medal or coin commemorating the archaeological discovery of a silver scroll in ksav Ivri with Birkas Cohanim. It was to contain the contents of the scroll and, on the other side, the same words in our present-day Ashuri. Rabbonim protested that the Holy Name would be written in such a non-Kadosh fashion. So, A Heh apostrophe was writtten instead. But the protesting Rabbonim had no problem - or perhaps never even realized - with the Holy Name being clearly spelled out in Ksav Ivri. Isn't it ironic? We are even careful not to write out the English word G - O - D, and, here, the Shem HaEtsem is being written exactly as it was written in the Luchos (according to Yerushalmi) and it was not an issue. Perhaps if 99.99% can't read it there is no Kedusha any more? </div>
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<div>.............Now that is an interesting Shaaleh for Rabbonim to ponder.</div>