<div><span class="gmail_quote">On 3/27/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">Micha Berger</b> <<a href="mailto:micha@aishdas.org">micha@aishdas.org</a>> wrote:</span>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">3- Shemiras Shabbos<br><br>As in the above-cited IM.<br><br>3a- As an action<br><br>3b- As sufficient proof of belief. This is kind of a hybrid between answers #2
<br>and #3. The definition of the "in group" is some less demanding belief set,<br>and rather than trying to be psychic, we use his shemiras Shabbos as<br>sufficient proof that a person believes it.</blockquote>
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<div>RMF uses 3b l'hetter in a teshuva regarding allowing mechalelei shabbos to duchan. He says that since the significance of Chilul Shabbos is only as a "maaseh kefirah", someone who is known to not be a kofeir, even if he is mechalel shabbos b'farhesia, can still duchan.
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<div>I'm sorry I don't have an IM available, but it's in the Yad Moshe under Nesias Kapaim. (I think it's in OC1, but I'm not sure.)</div><br>Michael</div>