[Avodah] yom tov sheni shel galiyos

[Eli Turkel via Avodah]

<<The *mishna* (ibid.), however, relates that a group of antagonistic
residents of the Land of Israel known as the *Kutim* (Samaritans) purposely
disrupted the system of lighting fires by lighting fires on the wrong days.
The *Yerushalmi* (*Rosh Ha-Shana* 2:1) relates that R. Yehuda Ha-Nasi,
discontinued the practice of using fires as a result. The Rabbis therefore
had no choice but to send out messengers to inform the communities
regarding the exact day of *Rosh Chodesh*. These messengers did not reach
the communities on the Diaspora, and therefore these areas would observe
two days of *Yom Tov*, as they did not know the proper day of the
Festival.' >>

As pointed out this is an explicit Mishna. However, the gemara that RYL
quotes actually proves my point as the practice started in the days of R.
Yehuda haNasi ie the end of the tannaim and well after the second Temple
era.

Also, there are two ways of "observing" yom tov sheni. In the beginning it
was a safek when an individual community would not know which day was
yomtov.. So each community each year would decide to keep one or two days
depending on whether the messengers reached them for that holiday.
However, later in Amoraic times there was a formal gezera that all
communities outside of EY keep 2 days yomtov.
Eli

-- 
Eli Turkel
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