[Avodah] logic

[Eli Turkel via Avodah]

<<the three laws:

1- The Law of Identity:
    Whatever is, is.
    A = A.

2- Law of Non-Contradition
   2 or more contradictory statements cannot both be true in the same
   sense at the same time
   not (A and not-A)

3- The Law of Excluded Middle
   Everything must either be or not be
   A or not-A >>

As Micha points out these laws of logic apply to some idea universe. Rules
2 and 3 don't apply to a "real" world

R Michael Avraham (RMA) makes 2 similar points
(1) The laws of logic were obviously used before Aristotle. What Aristotle
did was to formulate the rules explicitly while before him they were
assumed without being stated. Among other results is that after Aristotle
we can discuss the rules themselves

(2) Most things in the world are continuous rather than binary. Today there
is a field called fuzzy logic to study this.

RMA's favorite example is to define a heap.
(A) one object is not a heap
(B) adding an object to a heap can't change it to a heap
The conclusion would be that a million objects don't constitute a heap
The answer is that being a heap is not binary having 5 objects is a partial
heap while 10 objects is larger partial heap

Similarly for the definition of being bald. One hair is still bald and
adding a single hair can't change someone from bald to not bald.




-- 
Eli Turkel
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