[Avodah] havdallah, and other berachos

[Harvey Benton]

what is the history of the berachos that we have, including the shemone
esre, [the extra] v'malshinim, the shabbas candles bracha, chanukah candles
bracha, matza bracha on pesache, etc, 

do they all have the same validity as the original shemone esre?
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