[Avodah] German siddur questions

[Michael Kopinsky]

Lately, I have been davening maariv out of a small German siddur, published
in Basel in 1974.  (Copyright by Victor Goldschmidt Verlag, Basel, 1974.
Rechtsnachfolger von Dr. Felix Kauffman, New York, fuhrer Verlag I. Kauffman
& M. Lehrberger, Frankfurt a. M. - Rodelheim)

I've noticed a few strange things in the siddur:  (Some of these I'm only
noticing now, that I'm looking for them.)

1)  In the middle of the bracha of S'lach Lanu (right before "ki
mochel..."), it has a note saying "An Fasttagen schaltet man hier im
Morgengebet die Slichos ein," which according to my best approximation (and
Google Translate), means, "On fast days, insert the slichos here in the
morning prayers."

What minhag is this referring to?  Slichos in the middle of shemoneh esrei?!

2)  Before maariv, it has Shir Hamaalos Hinei Barchu... and Hashem
Tz'vakos..., prefaced by the comment "Wenn man an Wochentagen Maariv Bizmano
betet, sagt man folgende Verse vor V'hu Rachum."  (Google: "When weekdays
"Maariv bizmano" prays, says the following verse before "v'hu rachum")

a) What is Maariv Bizmano?  Is it saying that you only say these pesukim if
you're davening maariv after tzeis?
b) I thought only chassidim say Shir Hamaalos before Maariv.  Does hardcore
nussach Ashkenaz (the siddur doesn't have mizmor shir before psukei d'zimrei
- I think that classifies it as hard core NA) also?

3)  In the bracha of birchas Hashanim, it has the following note:
Vom abend des 59. Tages nach Tekufas Tishrei an, der entweder auf den 5.
oder 6. Dezember fallt, bis Pesach wird hier "Tal Umattar" eingeschaltet.
(Google translation: From the evening of the 59th Day after Tekufas Tishrei,
either on the 5th Or 6 December fall until Pesach is here, "Tal Umattar"
turned on.)
We all know that in Chu"l you start saying v'sein tal umattar on the 4th or
5th of December.  Why does this siddur say the 5th or 6th?


KT,
Michael
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