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content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body>Aspaqlaria has posted a new
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href="http://www.aishdas.org/asp/the-blue-does-not-hold-up-the-white">The Blue
Does Not Hold Up the White</a>'<br />
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<div class="pf-content"><blockquote>
<p dir="rtl">התכלת אינה מעכבת את הלבן והלבן אינו
מעכב את התכלת תפילה של יד אינה מעכבת של ראש
ושל ראש אינה מעכבת של יד הסולת והשמן אינן
מעכבין את היין ולא היין מעכבן המתנות של
מזבח החיצון אינן מעכבות זו את זו.</p>
<p dir="ltr">[The absence of] the <em>tekheiles</em> [strings of a
<em>tzitzis</em>] does not hold up [the validity of] the white [string], and
the white does not hold up [the validity] of the <em>tekheiles </em>ones.</p>
<p dir="ltr">[The absence of] the <em>tefillin </em>of the hand does not hold
up [the validity of that] of the head, and [the <em>tefillin</em>] of the head
does not hold up [the validity of] the hand [<em>tefillin</em>]. …</p>
<p dir="ltr">– Mishnah Menachos 4:1</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">You would think from the way the two are listed side-by-side that
the reasoning behind these rulings are identical. But the Rambam’s Sefer
haMitzvos lists <em>tzitzis</em>, including both white and blue, in
<em>mitzvas asei </em>#14, whereas the previous two <em>mitzvos</em> are #12
– the head <em>tefillah</em> and #13 — the hand <em>tefillah</em>.
Each <em>tefillah</em> can be a fulfillment of a <em>mitzvah</em> on its own,
because each is an individual mitzvah among the 613. But <em>tzitzis </em>is a
single <em>mitzvah</em> that can be fulfilled in part.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Even more than that, in asei #13 the Rambam cites this
<em>mishnah</em> and the ability to do the <em>mitzvah</em> of each
<em>tefillah</em> separately as proof that that <em>tefillin</em> are distinct
mitzvos. In #14 the Rambam says that the halves of <em>tzitzis</em> are an
exception to the rule. Citing the Sifri (Shelach #115), who learns from the
words of the <em>pasuq</em>, “<span class="noprint">והיה לכם
לציצית</span> — and it will be for you <em>tzitzis</em>“, in
the singular, that the combined tassel of whites strings and the blue one is
one <em>mitzvah</em>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">As the Sifri continues, putting <em>tzitzis</em> on fewer than
four corners is not a fulfillment of the <em>mitzvah</em>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">So it seems there is something unique about this particular kind
of partial performance of the <em>mitzvah </em>of <em>tzitzis</em> — the
blue vs. the white — which makes it unique in still being a fulfillment
of the <em>mitzvah</em>. (Unlike <em>tefillin</em>, where
each <em>tefillah</em> is its own <em>mitzvah</em>. And unlike only putting
tzitzis on some of the corners, or only picking up some of the Four Species on
Sukkos, which is not a fulfillment of a <em>mitzvah</em>.)</p>
<p dir="ltr">My first thought was to connect this to a <em>gemara </em>that is
frequently quoted this time of year (Qiddushin 49b). If a man gives a ring
to a woman and says, “You are hereby married to me … on the
condition I am a <em>tzadiq</em>” they are married. Even if the groom
was completely evil. Because it is possible that he had a <em>hirhur
teshuvah</em> (a musing about <em>teshuvah</em>).</p>
<p dir="ltr">So I was thinking — a passing thought of <em>teshuvah</em>
doesn’t include all the ingredients of <em>teshuvah</em>! There is no
<em>vidui</em>, he didn’t necessarily feel regret, leave the sin AND
make plans for the future.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But then the <em>gemara</em> continues with the opposite case.
Even if the groom was a great <em>tzadiq</em>, and he gives the ring with the
words “You are hereby married to me … on the condition I am
evil”, they are also married. Because maybe he had a passing thought
about idolatry or whatnot at that moment.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The discussion doesn’t appear to be about fulfilling the
<em>mitzvah</em> of <em>teshuvah</em> after all. This seems to be more about
thinking about being a better person is a good start to actually being one
— <em>teshuvah</em>‘s salvific effect rather than meeting its
halachic requirements. Who said that his no longer being fully evil means that
he fulfilled the <em>mitzvah</em> (<em>asei</em> #73 – which the Rambam
says is <em>Vidui</em> in particular)?</p>
<p dir="ltr">However, I wasn’t so ready to give up on the idea
that <em>tzitzis </em>and <em>teshuvah</em> are connected. (Mostly because
wearing a <em>tallis</em> is so much part of the experience of Yom Kippur.)
And I did find a way in which <em>teshuvah</em> too has this property where
partial performance of <em>teshuvah</em> qualifies as fulfillment of the
<em>mitzvah</em> — completely doing <em>teshuvah</em> for only one of a
person’s sins or flaws.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Shir haShirim Rabba (5:3) on the words
“פִּתְחִי־לִ֞י אֲחֹתִ֤י רַעְיָתִי֙
יוֹנָתִ֣י תַמָּתִ֔י — Open up for me, my own, My
darling, my faultless dove!” writes:</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="rtl">רַבִּי יַסָּא אָמַר, אָמַר
הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל,
בָּנַי, פִּתְחוּ לִי פֶּתַח אֶחָד שֶׁל
תְּשׁוּבָה כְּחֻדָּהּ שֶׁל מַחַט, וַאֲנִי
פּוֹתֵחַ לָכֶם פְּתָחִים שֶׁיִּהְיוּ
עֲגָלוֹת וּקְרוֹנִיּוֹת נִכְנָסוֹת
בּוֹ.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Rabbi Yassa said: HQBH sais to Israel, “My children! Open
up for me a one opening for <em>teshuvah</em> like the eye of a needle, and I
will open for you openings that wagons and royal carriages could enter
through.”</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">In Michtav meiEliyahu, Rav Dessler explains that the opening we
make must be like the opening of an eye of a needle — all the way
through. It could be small, only an incremental improvement in one small area
of our lives. But it must be complete and wholehearted.</p>
<p dir="ltr">So it seems that the two mitzvos indeed have something in common.
<em>Tzitzis</em> must be on all four corners, but you needn’t do both
white <em>tzitzis</em> and blue ones to do the <em>mitzvah</em>.
<em>Teshuvah</em> must involve regret, <em>vidui</em>, abandoning the sin, and
strategies for the future, but it is still <em>teshuvah</em> if it is for just
one small flaw and not everything wrong about us.</p>
<p dir="ltr">I was thinking about why this would be. As for <em>teshuvah</em>,
I think it makes sense from first principles. After all, perfecting our
<em>tzelem Elokim</em>, our “Image” of G-d, is impossible for
creatures who are not G-d Himself. As I’ve written in the past, no
matter how much we elevate ourselves, the gap between us and HQBH is still
infinite. Where we find human transcendence is in our very ability to
transcend. Not in how high we reach, but in the very act of reaching upward.
Being able to define for ourselves who to be is our most G-dly quality. And so
all <em>teshuvah</em> must be of only of a subset of those things we need to
“return” from. But if we do so in a way that makes the change
permanent it is a <em>qiyum hamitzvah</em> (literally: establishment,
permanence of the mitzvah) and in the “image” of Divine
Transcendence.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Tzitzis… well it turns out that the end of my search for
the connection between teshuvah and tzitzis ended with just paying attention
to a line of Shema I’ve been saying every day…</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">וְהָיָ֣ה לָכֶם֮ לְצִיצִת֒
וּרְאִיתֶ֣ם אֹת֗וֹ וּזְכַרְתֶּם֙
אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת ה֔’ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם
אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תָת֜וּרוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י
לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י עֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם
אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃</p>
<p dir="ltr">And it will be for you <em>tzitzis</em>, and you will see them;
and you will remember all of Hashem’s <em>mitzvos</em> and do them; and
<strong>do not wander after your heart and after your eyes which you stray
after</strong>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">– Bamidbar 15:39</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">Notice the change in tense* between “do not wander”
and “which you stray after”.</p>
<p dir="ltr">(Really Tanakh Hebrew works in aspects, not tenses, but that is
its own conversation with its own blog post.)</p>
<p dir="ltr">Looking at <em>tzitzis </em>is supposed to stop me from wandering
in the future after things I am currently prone to stray after. It’s not
only about doing the right thing in general, the <em>pasuq</em> describes
<em>teshuvah</em> in particular.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><em>Tzitzis</em> is a Mussar tool for <em>teshuvah.</em></p>
<p dir="ltr">And so, one can wear a reminder to work on the “blue”
parts of our <em>avodas Hashem</em> or on the “white” ones, and
still have a valid reminder to do <em>teshuvah</em>. Because I have to pick my
teshuvah battles anyway. But I have to go after whatever it is I am working on
with all four corners of my garment — wholeheartedly.</p>
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