<html><head><title>[Aspaqlaria] The Defining Mitzvos of Judaism</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.aishdas.org/asp/wp-content/themes/my_hueman/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /></head><body>Aspaqlaria has posted a new item, '<a href="http://www.aishdas.org/asp/defining-mitzvos-of-judaism">The Defining Mitzvos of Judaism</a>'<br />
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<p>Relevant to why <em>megillas</em> Rus is read on Shavuos…</p>
<p>Yevamos 47a explains what we must teach a prospective convert:</p>
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<p dir="ltr">ומודיעין אותו מקצת מצות קלות ומקצת מצות חמורות, ומודיעין אותו עון לקט שכחה ופאה ומעשר עני. ומודיעין אותו ענשן של מצות, … וכשם שמודיעין אותו ענשן של מצות, כך מודיעין אותו מתן שכרן… לא רוב טובה ולא רוב פורענות. ואין מרבין עליו, ואין מדקדקין עליו.</p>
<p>And we inform him about some minor mitzvos and some stringent ones, we inform him about the sins of [neglecting] <em>leqet</em><sup><a href="#footnote_0_4830" id="identifier_0_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="leqet: small amounts dropped during harvesting that must be left for the poor">1</a></sup> , <em>shikhechah</em><sup><a href="#footnote_1_4830" id="identifier_1_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="shikhechah: similar to leqet, but the sheaves or fruit that were “forgotten” and not picked at all">2</a></sup> , <em>pei’ah</em><sup><a href="#footnote_2_4830" id="identifier_2_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="pei’ah: a “corner” or end of the field which must be left for the needy to harvest.">3</a></sup> and <em>maaser ani</em> — the tithe to the poor<sup><a href="#footnote_3_4830" id="identifier_3_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-identifier-link" title="Maaser ani is taken after terumah for the kohein and maaser for the leviim in the third and sixth years of the shemitah cycle.">4</a></sup> [all means by which one’s crop is shared with the poor as part of making one’s livelihood].</p>
<p>And we tell him the punishments of [violating] <em>mitzvos</em>… And just as we tell him the punishments of <em>mitzvos</em>, we tell them the giving of the reward… Not overly about the good, nor overly about the suffering. And we do not overwhelm him, and we do not become unduly meticulous with him.</p></blockquote>
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<p>(See also Rambam, Issurei Bi’ah 14:2, who prepends teaching them the basics of the faith.)</p>
<p>Notice that there are four <em>mitzvos</em> a candidate for conversion must know. Yes, we give them the big picture, but these specific <em>mitzvos</em> <strong>must</strong> be included. Without knowing that one must leave <em>leqet</em>, <em>shikhechah</em> and <em>pei’ah</em> and actively give <em>maaser ani</em> to the poor, one doesn’t “get” the basic picture of what Judaism is.</p>
<p>Much like the common idiom used to be that an Orthodox Jew kept “<em>Shabbos</em>, <em>kashrus</em> and <em>taharas hamishpachah</em>“, to Chazal, the basics of Judaism are <em>leqet</em>, <em>shikhekhah</em>, <em>pei’ah</em>, and <em>ma’aser sheini</em>.</p>
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<ol class="footnotes"><li id="footnote_0_4830" class="footnote"><em>leqet</em>: small amounts dropped during harvesting that must be left for the poor [<a href="#identifier_0_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">↩</a>]</li><li id="footnote_1_4830" class="footnote"><em>shikhechah</em><em>: </em>similar to <em>leqet</em>, but the sheaves or fruit that were “forgotten” and not picked at all [<a href="#identifier_1_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">↩</a>]</li><li id="footnote_2_4830" class="footnote"><em>pei’ah</em>: a “corner” or end of the field which must be left for the needy to harvest. [<a href="#identifier_2_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">↩</a>]</li><li id="footnote_3_4830" class="footnote"><em>Maaser ani</em> is taken after <em>terumah</em> for the <em>kohein </em>and <em>maaser</em> for the <em>leviim</em> in the third and sixth years of the <em>shemitah</em> cycle. [<a href="#identifier_3_4830" class="footnote-link footnote-back-link">↩</a>]</li></ol><a href="http://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/facebook/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aishdas.org%2Fasp%2Fdefining-mitzvos-of-judaism" target="_blank" ><img src="http://cache.addthiscdn.com/icons/v1/thumbs/facebook.gif" border="0" style="margin: 1px;" alt="Like" /></a><a href="http://api.addthis.com/oexchange/0.8/forward/twitter/offer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aishdas.org%2Fasp%2Fdefining-mitzvos-of-judaism&title=The+Defining+Mitzvos+of+Judaism" target="_blank" ><img src="http://cache.addthiscdn.com/icons/v1/thumbs/twitter.gif" border="0" style="margin: 1px;" alt="Tweet" /></a><br />
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