<html><head><title>[Aspaqlaria] The Curriculum at Volozhin</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.aishdas.org/asp/wp-content/themes/twentyten/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /></head><body>Aspaqlaria has posted a new item, '<a href="http://www.aishdas.org/asp/2012/05/the-curriculum-at-volozhin.shtml">The Curriculum at Volozhin</a>'<br />
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<p style="text-align: justify;">On the April 6, 1858, the government ordered the closure of the yeshiva in Volozhin. There is no record that anyone from the government tried to implement this order. But on the 22nd, R’ Gershon Amsterdam led a delegation to have the ruling repealed. Among the things presented to the government was the curriculum at the yeshiva. Here is my translation:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong>First Year:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Tanakh: chumash and nevi’im rishonim according to Rashi and [Mendelsohn's] Biur</li>
<li>Mishnah: [the orders of] Zera’im, <span class="ubernym uttInitialism" onmouseover="domTT_activate(this, event, 'content', 'Modern Orthodox' );"><abbr class="uttInitialism">MO</abbr></span> (Modern Orthodox)’ed and Nashim</li>
<li>Gemara: Mesechtos Berakhos, Shabbos, Pesachim and Eiruvin with the [commentary of the] Rosh</li>
<li>Laws: Shulchan Arukh Orach Chaim</li>
<li>Hebrew Grammar: the first two sections of Studies in the Hebrew Language by [Yehudah Leib] Ben Zev</li>
<li>Languages: Russian and German reading, and the beginning of grammar</li>
<li>Arithmetic: the four basic operators [addition, subtraction, multiplication division]</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Second Year:</strong></p>
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<li>Tanakh: Nevi’im acharonim and Kesuvim according to Rashi and the Biur</li>
<li>Mishnah: Neziqim and Qodshim, with Biur</li>
<li>Gemara: Mesechtos Chulin, Niddah, Yevamos, Kesuvos, Gitin, Qiddushin with the Rosh</li>
<li>Laws: Shulchan Arukh Yoreh Dei’ah and Even haEizer</li>
<li>Hebrew Grammar: Completing Studies of the Old Language</li>
<li>Languages: Completion of Russian and German grammar, and writing</li>
<li>Arithmetic: fractions and decimals</li>
</ul>
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<p>A few things are striking.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">First, contrary to legend, they did have secular studies in Volozhin. In fact, according to documents released after the fall of the Soviet Union, it appears the school was shut down when the arguments between those who supported R’ Chaim Brisker as the next Rosh Yeshiva and those who supported R’ Chaim Berlin grew into anarchy, with no mention of secular studies being an issue at all.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">I am not talking about the Hebrew grammar, though. Given the age of the textbook (<em>Talmud Leshon Avar</em>i), published in Breslau in 1796, they were learning the <em>diqduq</em> necessary to really understand <em>Tanakh</em> and <em>Chazal</em>, not Hebrew as a living language. But both the local language (Russian) and the language that dominated international academia (German). Math wasn’t as impressive though, ending with material we learn in early grade school. On the other hand, I don’t know what the general population in Russia was learning. Clearly a liberal arts focus, though.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Second, they actually used Mendeslsohn’s <em>Biur</em>! (Their Hebrew textbook was also by a first generation <em>Maskil</em>, but it’s less surprising in a topic that is more religiously neutral than a commentary on <em>Tanakh</em>.)</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Third, their Torah study focused on covering ground. All of Tanakh in two years? 5/6 of the <em>mishnah</em>, 10 <em>mesechtos</em> of gemara? 3/4 of the Shulchan Arukh? It seems that before R’ Chaim Brisker taught people his methods of analysis, there was no real attention on analysis altogether at Volozhin. It would seem they instead focused on deriving the <em>halakhah</em> from the <em>gemara</em> studied, as that is the focus of the Rosh’s commentary.</p><br />
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