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<a name="1" style="font-family:Trebuchet MS, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:18px;" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Aspaqlaria/~3/FeAKa6ZmEgs/qsa-62-13.shtml">Qitzur Shulchan Arukh – 62:13</a>
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<span>Posted:</span> 12 Aug 2009 08:49 AM PDT</p>
<div style="margin:0;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;line-height:140%;font-size:12px;color:#000000;"><div dir="rtl"><strong>יג:</strong> המחזר אחר דבר לקנותו או לשכרו, בין קרקע בין מטלטלים, בין מנכרי בין מישראל, וכבר השוו על הדמים, וקדם שגמרו את הקנין, בא אחר וקנאו או שכרו, נקרא רשע. אבל אם עדין לא השוו על הדמים, אלא שהמוכר רוצה בכך והקונה רוצה בפחות, מתר לאחר לקנותו. ואסור להשיג גבול רעהו בשכירות בתים וכדומה מנכרי – רל”ז</div>
<p>One who is pursuing an object to buy or rent it, whether it is real estate or goods, whether from a non-Jew or from a Jew, and has already agreed on the price, but before they can close the sale, another comes and bought it or rented it, he is called a wicked person. However, if they have not yet agreed on the price, but the seller wants a certain amount and the buyer wants [to pay] less, it is permitted to another to buy it. It is forbidden to encroach on a neighbor’s business territory, in rental of houses and so on from a non-Jew.</p>
<hr />There is nothing binding in our case where the deal was negotiated, but neither property nor money exchanged hands.</p>
<p>We rule that Torahitically, it’s the the exchange of money that causes the transition of ownership from buyer to seller. However Rabbinically, the rabbis use their power to redistribute wealth to instead make the sale of objects not used for a mitzvah final when the object being bought is exchanged. (E.g. Say someone sold some fine china, received the money, but didn’t ship the object yet. Then the china breaks. Torahitically, it’s the buyer’s loss. Rabinically this was shifted to be the seller’s loss — he either has to replace the item or return the money. A more frequent but more complicated example is if the deal is done in a hyperinflationary environment, and therefore the value of the money can measurably change before delivery.) Real estate, and objects used for a mitzvah (e.g. buying a share of someone’s chanukah candles immediately before the lighting) are transfered where the money is. Here, neither occured.</p>
<p>When Moshe goes out to the slaveyards of Egypt, sees one Jew striking another, “and he says to the <em>rasha</em>, ‘Why are you striking your neighbor?” (Shemos 2:13) A Jew who strikes another is summarily branded a <em>rasha</em>.</p>
<p>The person didn’t cheat financially. And yet, their word has to be binding (regardless of whom he gave it to). Someone who breaks their word is classed with someone who hits another — both are labeled “<em>rasha</em>“.</p><div class="feedflare">
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<a name="2" style="font-family:Trebuchet MS, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:18px;" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Aspaqlaria/~3/y2RZU4R849w/qs-62-12.shtml">Qitzur Shulchan Arukh – 62:12</a>
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<span>Posted:</span> 11 Aug 2009 12:22 PM PDT</p>
<div style="margin:0;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif;line-height:140%;font-size:12px;color:#000000;"><div dir="rtl"><strong>יב:</strong> אסור לאדם להשהות מדה חסרה בביתו או בחנותו, אע”פ שאינו מודד בה. ואם משהה, עובר בלאו, שנאמר, לא-יהיה לך בכיסך אבן ואבן גדולה וקטנה, לא-יהיה בביתך איפה ואיפה גדולה וקטנה. ואפלו לעשות את המדה עביט למי רגלים, אסור, שמא יבא מי שאינו יודע וימדד בה. ואם יש מנהג בעיר שאין מודדין אלא במדה הרשומה ברשם הידוע וזו אינה רשומה, מתר להשהותה</div>
<p>It is forbidden for a person to keep a deficient measure in his house or in his shop, even if he does not measure with it. If he does keep [such a measure] he transgresses a prohibition, as it is said (Devarim 25:13-15): “You shall not have in your bag weights, a large one [for measuring what you buy] and a small one [for measuring what you sell]; you shall not have in your house measures, a large one and a small one, a full and just weight shall you have, a full and just measure shall you have…”.’ Even to make the measure into a chamber pot for urine is forbidden, as perhaps someone will comes who doesn’t know and measure with it. If there is a local custom that one doesn’t measure except with a measure that has been marked with an official mark, and this (pot) is not marked, one may keep it (at home).</p>
<hr />We already mentioned this point in Rashi’s name a few times. The prohibition is even just owning the tools for fiscal dishonesty; even with no intent of being dishonest. The “just in case” of someone perhaps being misled should be considered too evil to risk.</p><div class="feedflare">
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