[Avodah] Hashgacha sources

[Micha Berger]

On Fri, Mar 27, 2009 at 03:10:43AM -0400, Yehoshua Steinberg wrote:
:  1. Does anyone know of any pre-Geonic sources for the terms "hashgacha
:  pratis"/"hashgacha klalis"?

The Bar Ilan CD, sections Tanach, Safrut Chazal, and Zohar didn't have
any hits for "hashgachah". Neither "Geonim". So then I spent a lot more
time asking around and looking. Notice that this was sent in late March,
and I'm replying in the Ides of May.

Basically, I couldn't find the term itself used until the rishonim,
and then it gets embraced by all parties, Rav Saadia (Emunos vehaDeios
II) Rambam and Emunah haRamah by the Raavad, Kuzari, the Ikkarim, the
Mirkeves haMishnah...

:  2. Which source would you consider to be the definitive definition for the
:  expressions?

Hashgachah Peratis: Hakol biydei Shamayim chutz miYir'as Shamayim
Hashgachah Kelalis: ... chutz mitzinim upachin

The terms weren't used by Chazal, but I think the concepts are
authentically theirs.

:-)BBii!
-Micha

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