[Avodah] Pre-Sinaitic conversions
Daniel Eidensohn
yadmoshe at 012.net.il
Fri Feb 22 04:50:03 PST 2008
R' Micha Berger wrote:
> On Fri, Feb 22, 2008 at 12:12:15PM +0200, Daniel Eidensohn wrote:
> : There are many sources that conversion took place prior to Sinai.
>
> But is joining beris Avraham meaningful precedent for someone who is
> also joining beris Sinai?
>
*Ramban[1] <#_ftn1>**(Vayikra 24:10:): … *I don’t agree with the French
commentators. Once Avraham was circumcised and made a covenant with G‑d
he was considered a Jew and was not considered belonging to the nations.
We see this concerning Esav (Kiddushin 18a) that he had the status of a
Jewish sinner….
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[1] <#_ftnref1> *רמב"ן (ויקרא כד:י): *... ואין דעתי כך, כי מעת שבא
אברהם בברית היו ישראל ובגוים לא יתחשבו, וכמו שאמר בעשו (קידושין יח.)
ודילמא ישראל מומר שאני.
*Rav Tzadok[1] <#_ftn1>(Parshos Shemos): *There is a well known dispute
amongst the rishonim as to whether the Patriarchs were still considered
Bnei Noach and “all are the words of the living G‑d” (eilu v’eilu). In
fact they had left the status of Bnei Noach as we see in Chagiga (3a)
that Avraham was called “the beginning of gerim.” However they were not
complete Jews until the Giving of the Torah which was a type of marriage
(kiddushin) as is stated in Sanhedrin (59a) regarding Devarim (33:4)
that Torah is considered a betrothal. Avraham had been promised this
with an oath which is a form of engagement and betrothal through an
oath. Nevertheless it was possible to break the commitment prior to
marriage which is the completion of the betrothal. Concerning this
Shemos (23:9),”You know the soul of the ger because you were gerim in
Egypt.” They were in fact gerim in Egypt because they were just called
Israel. And this that it says in Bereishis (15:13), “And your
descendants will be gerim (strangers)… Because they were slaves to the
Egyptians they were not yet called “servants of G‑d” and “children of
G‑d”. Because of the slavery they merited being redeemed afterwards and
also to receive the Torah. That is because their affliction was not like
the affliction of other peoples which is to cause them to be destroyed.
In regards to Israel it was like that of the punishment that a father
gives his son which is out of love and kindness for the son’s own good
so that he can receive a greater good. Therefore the son has to be
reprimanded and punished and through this is capable to receive much
benefit afterwards.
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[1] <#_ftnref1> *רב צדוק (פרי צדיק פרשת שמות):* וידוע מחלוקת ראשונים אי
האבות יצאו מכלל בני נח ואלו ואלו דברי אלהים חיים דמכלל בני נח יצאו
ואברהם אבינו ע"ה נקרא בחגיגה (ג.) תחילה לגרים אבל לכלל ישראל לגמרי לא
באו עד מתן תורה שהיה קידושין כמו שאמרו בסנהדרין (נט.) על פסוק (דברים
לג:ד) תורה וגו' מורשה קהלת יעקב מאורסה. ואברהם הובטח בזה בשבועה והוא כמו
שידוכין והתקשרות בשבועה אבל עדיין אפשר להנתק עד הנשואין שנגמרו השידוכין
ועל זה נאמר (שמות כג:ט) וידעתם את נפש הגר כי גרים הייתם בארץ מצרים שהיו
אז דוגמת נפש הגר דרק בשם ישראל יכונה וזה שנאמר (בראשית טו:יג) כי גר יהיה
זרעך וגו' ועל ידי זה ועבדום וגו' יוכלו לשלוט לשעבדם דעדיין לא נקראו עבדי
ה' ובנים למקום. ועל ידי העבדות זכו להתגלות הגאולה אחר כך וקבלת התורה.
דעינוים ויסורין שלהם אינו כיסורי העמים שהוא להאבידם אבל אל ישראל הוא
כאשר ייסר איש את בנו וגו' שהוא לאהבתו ומצד מדת חסדו וטובו שאין יכול
עדיין להיטיב לו וצריך לייסרו ולהוכיחו דעל ידי זה יוכל לקבל אחר כך רוב טובה.
*Koheles Rabbah[1] <#_ftn1>(8:13): *R’ Yitzchok said, This is not
nonsense but what is nonsense is that they did not become Jewish
through their own initiative. R’ Bun said that the tzadikim went to
them and as a result they converted. For example Yosef went to Asnas,
Yohoshua went to Rachav, Boaz went to Ruth, and Moshe went to to Chovav
(Yisro). R’ Acha said this is not nonsense but what is nonsense is that
people do not come and sanctify themselves under the wings of the
Shechina (convert).
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[1] <#_ftnref1> *קהלת רבה (ח:יג):* ...אמר רבי יצחק איננו הבל וזה הבל
שאינן באין מאליהן, רבי בון אמר צדיקים הלכו לשם, ויבואו כגון יוסף לאסנת,
יהושע לרחב בועז לרות, משה לחובב, א"ר אחא אין זה הבל אלא שאין הבריות באין
ומתקדשין לתחת כנפי השכינה.
_/*You of course have the eiruv rav who converted in Egypt*/_
*Rashi[1] <#_ftn1>(Shemos 32:7): Your people has become corrupt – *The
verse doesn’t say that the people have become corrupt but “your people.”
G‑d said, “The eiruv rav that you had accepted on your own initiative
and converted without first having consulted with Me which you had said
that it was good that gerim should attach themselves to the Shechina. In
fact the eiruv rav have become corrupt and they corrupt others.”
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[1] <#_ftnref1> *רש"י (שמות לב:ז):* *שחת עמך* - שחת העם לא נאמר אלא
עמך, ערב רב שקבלת מעצמך וגיירתם ולא נמלכת בי, ואמרת טוב שידבקו גרים
בשכינה, הם שחתו והשחיתו:
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